New Therapeutic Strategies in Osteo arthritis

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Osteo arthritis (OA) is a common, chronic joint disorder causing pain, reduced physical function, and limited mobility.

By 2020, 595 million people globally had OA, and this number is expected to rise significantly by 2050.

Current treatments focus on symptom relief, but there is no cure.

Researchers are exploring new therapeutic strategies to manage symptoms and slow disease progression.

Current Treatments

• Pharmacological: Analgesics, NSAIDs (topical and oral)

• Non-Pharmacological: Therapeutic exercise, assistive devices, lifestyle modifications

• Intra-Articular (IA) Interventions: Glucocorticoids, viscos supplementation, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), mesenchymal stem cells (MSC)

• Surgical: Arthroplasty for severe cases

New Therapeutic Targets ​

1. Symptom Modifiers
   

   • Microsphere-based Extended-Release Triamcinolone Acetonide (TCA): Provides longer pain relief with fewer side effects compared to immediate-release formulations.

   • Liposome Formulation of Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate (DSP): Enhances drug retention in joints, reducing cartilage damage.

   • Anti-Nerve Growth Factor (NGF): Tanezumab, a monoclonal antibody, reduces pain by inhibiting NGF.

2. Disease-Modifying Agents
   

   • OLP-1002: Inhibits Nav1.7 sodium channel, reducing neuropathic pain.

   • PTP-001: Derived from placental tissue, it releases anti-inflammatory cytokines and promotes cartilage regeneration.

   • Anti-ADAMTS-5: Inhibits enzymes that degrade cartilage.

   • Stem Cells: MSCs and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) promote cartilage repair.

   • Pentosan Polysulfide Sodium (PPS): Reduces inflammation and promotes cartilage health.

   • LNA043: Promotes chondrocyte differentiation and cartilage regeneration.

   • CCL17 Blocker: Inhibits pathways leading to synovitis and cartilage damage.

   • Lorecivivint: Modulates Wnt signaling pathway to improve joint health.

   • Gene Therapy: Viral vectors and DNA plasmids to promote cartilage repair and reduce inflammation.

3. Anti-Obesity Medications
   

   • Retatrutide: A triple hormone receptor agonist that aids in weight loss, reducing mechanical load on joints.

4. 
   

   Genicular Nerve Block and Radiofrequency Ablation

   
   

   • Genicular Nerve Block: Provides short-term pain relief using steroids and anesthetics.

   • Radiofrequency Ablation: Offers long-term pain relief by damaging sensory nerves.

Future Directions

• Bisphosphonates: Investigating their role in reducing subchondral bone resorption.

• Liposome-coated Teriparatide: Potential for halting subchondral bone resorption in OA.

Conclusion

While new symptom relievers show promise, disease-modifying drugs are still under investigation.

A better understanding of OA pathogenesis may lead to more effective treatments.

oestro arthritis

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